Case 5

How new technology is rewiring our brains?
        Technology use can benefit the brain in some ways, researchers say. Imaging studies show the brains of Internet users become more efficient at finding information. And players of some video games develop better visual acuity.More broadly, cellphones and computers have transformed life. They let people escape their cubicles and work anywhere. They shrink distances and handle countless mundane tasks, freeing up time for more exciting pursuits.For better or worse, the consumption of media, as varied as e-mail and TV, has exploded. In 2008, people consumed three times as much information each day as they did in 1960. And they are constantly shifting their attention. Computer users at work change windows or check e-mail or other programs nearly 37 times an hour, new research shows.The nonstop interactivity is one of the most significant shifts ever in the human environment
     
          Now if you are wondering if you spend an unhealthy amount of time on the Internet, you might want to take a self assessment. No doubt, access to the Internet widens the range of temtations , scientists are finding that people who have a gambling problem also have a problematic internet behavior.Technology is a utility and we depend on it, so of course, it is changing our habits and our brains.

Related Article: 

  • The Influence of Technology in our Lives 
It seems that almost everyday a new article or study comes out that clues us in to how pervasive the effects of technology and social media are on our lives.  Whether the effects are personal or relational, technology and social media are transforming our lives.  Some of the ways that it transforms our lives can be expected (feeling connected, up to date information, organization, etc.), but other times the effects are ones we don’t expect (anxiety, affairs, jealousy, anger, porn addiction, lack of intimacy, etc.). 

  • Changing the Way We Think
Greenfield argues that the visual stimulus we get from screen-based information and entertainment differs so markedly from that available to previous generations that certain areas of the brain, specifically those areas that are older in evolutionary terms and retain the capacity to alter as a result of experience, may be affected in ways that express themselves a changes to personality and behaviour.
It’s an interesting hypothesis, and one that has the virtue of being experimentally testable, unlike many other claims about the effect of modern living on human psychology.


  • How The Internet Affects Your Brain

Like most things, the Internet has its good and its dark side. And, considering the pervasiveness of the Internet in society, it is certainly having an effect on our brains. After all, everything we do affects our brain. Though up until the 1980’s, it was universally believed that the steam engine was the foremost invention of the Industrial Revolution, technology and science historian, Lewis Mumford, had long before proposed that that clock was in fact the key machine of the modern Industrial age. And, just as people began operating and planning according to seconds and minutes, in the age of the internet, we are rewiring our “plastic” brain to function more and more like computers. Processing, decoding and storing floods of information at a rate faster than we ever have before, our brains are becoming highly adapted to taking on scores of tasks at once.

  •  Browsing Makes You Smarter
The study looked at the brain activity of 24 neurologically normal volunteers between the ages of 55 and 76. Half had experience web surfing, the other half did not. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans the scientists recorded the brain-circuitry changes (the blood flow through the brain) and compared them as the patients performed web searches and as they read book passages.A remarkable finding was that though all participants showed significant brain activity during book-reading tasks, which correspond to language, reading, memory and visual abilities, the web-savvy group also registered activity in the areas of the brain which control decision-making and complex reasoning. With the wealth of choices available on the net, knowing how to perform the most effective searches and making decisions on what to click on, engages important cognitive circuits in the brain. This finding also demonstrated that our brains are sensitive, or, “plastic”, and can continue to learn as we grow older.


 

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Case 4


What is IT Outsourcing?
               A phrase used to describe the practice of seeking resources or subcontracting outside of an organizational structure for all or part of an IT (Information Technology) function. An organization would use IT outsourcing for functions ranging from infrastructure to software development, maintenance and support.IT outsourcing occurs when an organization contracts a service provider to perform an IT function instead of performing the function itself. The service provider could be a third party or another division or subsidiary of a single corporate entity. Increasingly, organizations are looking offshore for the means to minimize IT service costs and related taxes. Many times, the outsourcing decision results in a transfer or sale of the information processing assets and the people who performed the in-house function to the service provider.

BENEFITS OF OUTSOURCING
  • Operational benefits - Despite the pervasive presence of IT in modern business, the operation of increasingly sophisticated data processing environments is often not a core competency for many organizations.
  • Technological benefits - Achieving IT efficiencies may be an organization’s major expectation from outsourcing. By outsourcing, an organization may have access to people, processes and technology that it might not otherwise economically obtain.
  • Financial benefits - An important benefit often sought by management in IT outsourcing decisions is financial in nature. Outsourcing offers the possibility of bringing IT costs under control through the efficiencies that might be delivered by the service provider or the sharing of common costs among the service provider’s customer base.  

ADVANTAGES OF OUTSOURCING     





  1. Cost savings- Many businesses embrace outsourcing as a way to realize cost savings or better cost control over the outsourced function. Companies usually outsource to a vendor that specializes in a given function and performs that function more efficiently than the company could, simply by virtue of transaction volume.





  2. Staffing levels-Another common reason for outsourcing is to achieve headcount reductions or minimize the fluctuations in staffing that may occur due to changes in demand for a product or service.





  3. Focus- Some companies outsource in order to eliminate distractions and force themselves to concentrate on their core competencies. 





  4. Morale- This is an often-overlooked but still notable benefit that can sometimes be gained by initiating an outsourcing relationship  





  5. Flexibility- Still others outsource to achieve greater financial flexibility, since the sale of assets that formerly supported an outsourced function can improve a company's cash flow

  6. Knowledge- Some experts tout outsourcing of computer programming and other information technology functions as a way to gain access to new technology and outside expertise.
  7. Accountability- Outsourcing is predicated on the understanding—shared by business and vendor alike—that such arrangements require quality service in exchange for payment.
DISADVANTAGE OF OUTSOURCING




  1. Bad Publicity and ill-will- If your friends and neighbors lost their jobs because they were shipped across the state, across the country or across the world, outsourcing will bring bad publicity. If you outsource part of your operations, morale may suffer in the remaining work force.





  2. Tied to the Financial Well-Being of Another Company- Since you will be turning over part of the operations of your business to another company, you will now be tied to the financial well-being of that company. It wouldn't be the first time that an outsourcing company could go bankrupt and leave you holding-the-bag.





  3. Quality Problems- The outsourcing company will be motivated by profit. Since the contract will fix the price, the only way for them to increase profit will be to decrease expenses. As long as they meet the conditions of the contract, you will pay.





  4.  Loss Of Managerial Control-Whether you sign a contract to have another company perform the function of an entire department or single task, you are turning the management and control of that function over to another company.





  5. Hidden Costs- You will sign a contract with the outsourcing company that will cover the details of the service that they will be providing.





  6. Threat to Security and Confidentiality- The life-blood of any business is the information that keeps it running. If you have payroll, medical records or any other confidential information that will be transmitted to the outsourcing company, there is a risk that the confidentiality may be compromised.

 Implications of IT outsourcing 





  • Outsourcing Jobs    

    The jobs in India created due to outsourcing are mainly back office and research and development jobs such as Call centers, transaction processing, Chip design, Software development services, financial research, medical transcription, IT consulting, product design, tax processing and the like. These outsourcing jobs are mainly seen in the financial, insurance, technical, software and banking sectors. 





  • The Impact of Global Service Delivery on IS Organizations 

    Offshore outsourcing, which is itself a manifestation of the global service delivery model, has emerged both as an opportunity and as a threat to many IS organizations. On the opportunity side, offshore outsourcing is a fiscally sound way to distribute work globally, take advantage of regional labor markets and reduce operating costs. Moreover, the general pursuit of outsourcing, ironically, raises the business credibility of the IS organization.

 





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